prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
lady; madame; matron; (arch.) mistress (of a household); (arch.) housewife
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
in general; generally; usually
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
cheap; inexpensive; calm; peaceful; quiet
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
surplus-; excess-; over-; per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)
to borrow; to rent; to hire; to make use of (another's help, wisdom, etc.); to obtain; to use (for another purpose)
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
maple (tree); red leaves (of autumn); autumn colors; layered colors in garments, resembling autumn colors; venison
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
while; even though; despite
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to step aside; to move (out of the way); to make way
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
the four cardinal directions; north, east, south and west; all around; here and there; four sides (of a square)
old age; age; old people; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) my humble self
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); urine; piss; elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name)