indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(vengeful) ghost; specter; spectre
kokkuri; divination technique similar to table turning and planchette
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
check (pattern); ichimatsu doll
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think (something) is improper; to question; to have a problem with
nori; laver; edible seaweed, usu. Porphyra yezoensis or P. tenera, usu. dried and pressed into sheets
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to cling to; to hold on to; to grapple; to set about doing; to begin; to take hold of
lived-in feel (e.g. of a room); sense of life; hints of daily life
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
small point; knob; protuberance; aloneness; loneliness; solitude
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
how; in what way; how about
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
cup (drinking vessel, measure, brassiere, prize, etc.)
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect