indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
gold nugget; gold bullion; gold bar; gold ingot
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
Karafuto (Japanese name for Sakhalin)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
northernmost tip (point, extremity, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
in an instant; in a flash; in the blink of an eye; in no time at all; just like that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
island; one's territory (of a sex worker, organized crime gang, etc.); one's turf
Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at that time; in those days
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
settlement; permanent residency
10,000; ten thousand; 10^4
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
agricultural land; farmland
change to ...; becoming ...; making into ...; -ization; -ification
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)