heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
all; entire; whole; altogether
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
darn it!; darn!; oops!; oh dear!; oh no!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
there is nothing; having nothing
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to shine; to sparkle; to twinkle; to light up (with happiness, hope, etc.); to beam; to gleam
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
to hug (someone) tight; to embrace; to give (someone) a tight hug; to cuddle
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
serious; not joking; straight; (arch.) cannot; (arch.) should not; (arch.) will not
meaning; significance; sense
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!