this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
invulnerability; immortality; insensibility to pain
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
joint; knuckle; tune; melody; knot (in wood); node in a bamboo stem
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
fast (asleep); snoring or grumbling sound
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
mask; disguise; guise; mask
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
living together; communal life; cohabitation
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
exchange (e.g. cultural); interchange; interaction; alternating current; AC
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
even more; still more; further
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response
to think of; to hit upon; to come into one's mind; to remember; to recall
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic