indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
personal history document; curriculum vitae; resume
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
falling into a doze; dozing off; nodding off
to ride past; to miss one's stop (train, bus, etc.)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
every year; yearly; annually
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
speaking of; (I told you) already; come on
I'm off (and will be back later); see you later; to go (and then come back)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first