indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
duty; function; office; mission; task
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
on the occasion of; at the time of
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
air-permeability; breathability
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
difficult to ...; hard to ...
small fish; small fry; (a) nobody; small fry; unimportant person
nail (e.g. fingernail, toenail); claw; plectrum; pick; hook; clasp
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to tear; to rip up; to cut up; to cleave; to forcibly separate (e.g. two lovers); (arch.) to have a tattoo in the corner of one's eye
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
owner; proprietor; possessor (e.g. of talent, beauty, etc.)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
one by one; each; every; at intervals of