indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
evil influence; (evil) clutches; tentacles of evil
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
overall victory; championship
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
adds force or indicates command
certainly; surely; undoubtedly; just; precisely; exactly
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
karma; result of one's karma; fate; uncontrollable temper
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Japanese person; Japanese people
in that way; thus; so; so?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
anyone; anybody; everyone; whoever
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Kawachi (former province located in the east of present-day Osaka Prefecture)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah