indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
goddamn idiot; moron; nitwit
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
honorific/polite/humble prefix
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
misunderstanding; mistaken idea; wrong guess
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
meddling; meddlesomeness; nosiness; meddler; buttinsky; busybody
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
absolutely; positively; decidedly
adds force or indicates command
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
pivot; vital point; cornerstone; Japanese photinia
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage