indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
present; gift; to give a present or gift
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
such ... as; or some such
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
possible; likely; probable
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
gum; rubber; eraser; condom
leather boots; rubber boots; wellingtons; wellies; long boots; high boots
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
how; in what way; how about
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
five court-musician dolls at the Girl's Festival (in March)
flute; fife; pipe; whistle
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful