yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
surely; certainly; without doubt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
act of terror; terrorist attack
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
carpenter's square; instigation; suggestion; metal wire with a prop animal (e.g. butterfly, bird) attached to the end; rod used to control the arm of a puppet (in bunraku)
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention; motive
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
both (people); the two of them
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
root (of a plant); stump (of a tree); root (of a problem, etc.); base
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
material; substance; matter
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...