Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
railroad; railway; rail transport
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
opening (of a new road, railway, etc.); going into operation (e.g. telephone communication); beginning services; reopening (e.g. of a road to traffic); resumption of services
around the world; throughout the world
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
international; diplomatic intercourse
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(national) capital (city); metropolis
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
time; hour; period; class
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
United Kingdom; UK; Britain; England
steamship; steamboat; steamer
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull; to draw; to string (lines); to run (cable); to pull towards oneself (e.g. someone's sleeve); to drag; to haul
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
exactly; just; right (when); just (as); just (about to); on the point of
civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
symbol (of something abstract); emblem; (symbolic) representation
mainly; primarily; mostly; largely; chiefly
foreign trade; external trade
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...