indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
old age; age; old people; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) my humble self
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
training; practice; discipline; ascetic practices
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
throughout; over a period of ...; over a span of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
such; like that; that sort of
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
then; well; so; well then
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
hum; hmm; hm hm (light chuckle with mouth closed); uh-huh; mm; hmm
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...