indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be born; to come into the world
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; lower radical of a kanji; means of transportation
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to pierce; to go through; to remove (partitions between rooms); to knock (e.g. two rooms) into one; to carry out (to completion)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
pleasant feeling; pleasant sensation; pleasure
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
when it becomes; when it comes to
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
myself; yourself; I; me; you
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); good work; see you; goodbye; tiredness; fatigue
serious; not joking; straight; (arch.) cannot; (arch.) should not; (arch.) will not
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to quiet; to calm down; to compose oneself; to settle down
to eat; to drink; to receive (e.g. a blow); to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable); to undergo (trouble)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to betray; to turn traitor (to); to double-cross; to disappoint; to let down
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
how; in what way; how about
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing