one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
is that so?; I see; right; oh
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
sick person; patient; invalid
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
noon; midday; daytime; lunch
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
face with no make-up; sobriety; having no class (e.g. in a RPG); (being) jobless
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to instruct; to tell to do; to ask to do; to order
please (give me); please (do for me)
freckle; lentigo; ephelis; (arch.) buckwheat chaff