indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications
impossible; incapable (of doing); incompetence; inability; impotence; having no solution (of an equation)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
class-A; A class; A grade
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
calamity; disaster; misfortune
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
natural calamity; disaster
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
something worthy of comparison; something being compared
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
several; a number of; quantity; amount; counting; figures; number
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
extermination (e.g. of pests, demons, bandits); elimination; making someone renounce worldly desires in order to concentrate on Buddha's teachings; curing illness
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one way or another; in many ways; in various ways
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
superior; special class; higher than A class; extraordinary
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof