present age; present day; contemporary; modern era; modern times; contemporary era
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
senior high school student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by a strange coincidence; in an unexpected turn of events; by chance; by accident
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
gallant; manly; brave; imposing; awe-inspiring; chivalrous
face; mask; face guard; striking the head (in kendo); surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to let live; to keep alive; to revive; to resuscitate
substitution (for someone else); substitute; stand-in; scapegoat; sacrifice
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competition in which there are several evenly matched participants; hotly contested game (match, market, etc.)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
after a short time; in a short while; a short time later
heir; successor; family estate; family fortune; headship of a family
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
fool; blockhead; idiot; dunce
reputation; (public) estimation; rumour; rumor; fame; notoriety
worry; fear; anxiety; concern
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant