indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to face; to go towards; to head towards
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
town; city; municipal; urban
range (of a rifle, missile, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
(with a) whizzing sound; sound of something whizzing by
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
position in a game of go or shogi; state of the game; aspect of an affair; situation
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
understood; I see; OK; present; here
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
independent action; acting alone
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
prejudice; bias; distorted view
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...