today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
feeling a sudden chill; feeling a shiver; feeling sudden surprise (fright, horror, etc.); shuddering
incident; affair; happening; event
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
feeling chilly; nervous; anxious; frightened
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
for example; for instance; e.g.
fear; dread; dismay; terror; horror; scare
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
heart; guts; nerve; central part
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
being startled; getting a shock
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
always; constantly; frequently; often; nonstop
to often be the case; to occur frequently; to be common; to be popular
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
retreating figure; appearance from behind
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
toilet; restroom; bathroom; lavatory
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed