today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to have a talk; to tell a story
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine; squealer; rat; loser; asshole
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to keep (a pet or other animal); to have; to own; to raise; to rear; to feed
about; on; regarding; per; for every
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
name; given name; first name
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
boy; son; baby boy; young man
to talk; to chat; to chatter
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking very much; loving (something or someone); adoring; being very fond of
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
one day; (on) a certain day
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
(and) then; and; thereupon; in that case; then; so
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)