jpdb beta

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

5

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

23

Japanese (language)

9

be; is

18

English (language)

7

Chinese (language)

2

Korean (language; esp. as spoken in South Korea)

10

and; and then; thus; and now; and finally

2

Spanish (language)

2

all; everyone; everybody

4

what language

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

16

to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)

4

indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm

1

I; me

9

Japanese person

3

Japan

2

at; in; at; when; by; with; so

8

to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to

1

birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question

27

parents; both parents

1

father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he

1

if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)

2

mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

4

because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly

4

(time of) one's childhood; when one was a child

1

from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")

2

continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)

1

mother tongue; native language; protolanguage; parent language

1

such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o

1

to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned

2

foreign language

7

myself; yourself; I; me; you

1

country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)

1

language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking

2

to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)

1

to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

2

study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount

15

liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity

2

indicates question

2

enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful

2

indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...

4

junior high school student; middle school pupil

2

by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly

1

to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...

2

time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity

3

school

1