today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to have a talk; to tell a story
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
skillful; skilled; proficient; flattery
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
now; the present time; just now; another; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to sing; to sing of (love, beauty, etc.) in a poem; to express in the form of a poem; to recite (a poem)
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Amazon (river, rainforest, etc.); Amazon (female warrior)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all