this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
... years old; age (of) ...
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
primary school; elementary school; grade school
admission (to a school or university); entrance; enrolment; enrollment; matriculation
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
randoseru; firm-sided leather (or synthetic leather) backpack used by elementary school children
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
first-year student; first-year pupil; beginner; novice; annual; annual plant
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
life; living; I; me; student
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
(period of) a year; during the era (of)
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
solid; firm; stout; burly; strong; sturdy
to be broken; to break; to break (down); to stop working; to fall through (of a plan, deal, etc.); to collapse
to get torn; to tear; to rip; to be broken off (of negotiations, etc.); to break down; to collapse
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(time of) one's childhood; when one was a child
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
boy; son; baby boy; young man
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of