to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
hiragana; cursive Japanese syllabary used primarily for native Japanese words (esp. function words, inflections, etc.)
katakana; angular Japanese syllabary used primarily for loanwords
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
letter (of an alphabet); character; writing
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
for example; for instance; e.g.
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unevenness (of colour, paint, etc.); irregularity; unevenness (of quality, results, behaviour, etc.); inconsistency; fickleness; capriciousness
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
about; on; regarding; per; for every
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
beginning; outset; first; onset
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
originally; from the start; from the beginning; none the worse (for); (coming out) even; in the same position (as before)
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryō system)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
after that; afterwards; thereafter
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to spread (of a rumour, news, etc.); to travel; to be handed down (from generation to generation); to be passed down; to be introduced (to a country, region, etc.); to be brought; to be conveyed (of a feeling, impression, etc.)
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
based on; built on; made from
man'yōgana; early Japanese syllabary of Chinese characters used phonetically
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.