to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
older sister; elder sister
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
old person; elderly person; senior citizen
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
grandfather; male senior-citizen; old man
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
honorific/polite/humble prefix
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
... years old; age (of) ...
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
exactly; precisely; just; just (like); as if; as though
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
the nth ...; divisions of a kabuki performance
originally; from the start; from the beginning; none the worse (for); (coming out) even; in the same position (as before)
heart; guts; nerve; heart (of something); central part
someone; a certain person
facility; facilities; institution; home (for the elderly, orphans, etc.)
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
target; object (of worship, study, etc.); subject (of taxation, etc.); coverage
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
under ... years of age; less than ... years old
two persons; two people; pair; couple