royal capital; imperial capital
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to call (someone) back; to recall; to call home; to bring back (memories, etc.); to recall; to revive
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
done; just done; just finished
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
disposal; throwing away; dealing with (a problem); measure; punishment; penalty
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
commerce; trade; business
negotiations; discussions; connection
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
alternation; change; relief; relay; shift; substitution (sports, etc.)
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
shame; embarrassment; disgrace
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
then; and then; and; if so; because then; if that's the case
to receive favor (favour); to be much obliged to someone; to be indebted
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
sentimental; mushy; sugary; saccharine; sickly-sweet
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
(laughing) foolishly; (smiling) thoughtlessly; indiscreetly (talking); carelessly (speaking); thin (paper, cloth, etc.); flimsy
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted