that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
horizontal (as opposed to vertical); lying down; side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; side (of a box, etc.); beside
same; similar; (just) like; equal
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Lorraine (France); Roleine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
doubtful; questionable; uncertain; disputable; suspicious
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
to nod; to bow one's head in assent; to agree
cornerstone; main point; requirement; need; necessary; required
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
steering; piloting; flying; management; handling; control
device; instrument; vessel; container; ability; capacity
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
plain; simple; reserved (behaviour, attitude, etc.); modest; quite; a (little) bit
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
to pour (into); to sprinkle on (from above); to water (e.g. plants); to shed (tears); to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on; to devote to; to flow into (e.g. of a river)
while; during; while; although; all; both
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
race; tribe; species; genus; stellar population (i.e. population I, II and III)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
all that one has; all that there is; the whole
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that