there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
gem; jewel; precious stone
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pillar; post; support; prop; counter for buddhas, gods, nobles, etc.
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
ceiling; ceiling price; (price) ceiling
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to inlay; to set; to stud (e.g. star-studded sky); to enchase (something) with; to mount (gems)
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
genuine article; real thing; real deal
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
genuineness or spuriousness; authenticity; the genuine and the spurious
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
judgement; judgment; decision; adjudication; award; verdict
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
insight; power of observation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
judgement; judgment; expert opinion; appraisal
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
glass sphere; glass bead; glass marble
My goodness!; Good lord!; Holy cow!
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result