frontier (esp. the American frontier); frontier (of a field); forefront (of science, technology)
antiquity; ancient times; bygone days; former times
ignorance; innocence; stupidity
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
to work hard at; to devote oneself to; to be diligent in
tray; family; household; Obon; Bon Festival; gambler's den
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to whirl (in the wind); to flutter (about); to swirl
to turn up; to make an appearance; to put in an appearance; to drop by
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
section chief; laboratory manager; office head; room monitor
serving concurrently as; holding the additional post of
substantial; real (as opposed to nominal)
research (institute, laboratory, group, etc.)
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
to be sad; to mourn for; to regret
X mark (indicating an incorrect answer, disagreement, cancellation, etc.)
enumeration; citation; listing
x (mark); cross; MDMA; ecstasy; molly
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
to change (into); to turn (into); to transform (into); to influence
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization
how many years; how long; what year
satisfactory; decent; good; proper; respectable
scrap lumber; piece of wood
to fan; to incite; to instigate
to be amazed; to be shocked; to be astonished; to be astounded; to be disgusted; to be exasperated
having great hopes for (someone's future); expecting much of; pinning one's hopes on
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
to hesitate; to have scruples; to be afraid of what others may think; to lord it over; to have great influence
stammer; stutter; stammerer; stutterer
illness; condition; -pathy
return; relapse; recurrence
deterioration; getting worse; worsening; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
to begin (doing); to start (doing)
trouble; troubles; worry; distress; sorrows; anguish
change to ...; becoming ...; making into ...; -ization; -ification
preliminary step; first step
to grapple with; to wrestle with; to engage in a bout; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to come to grips with; to work hard on
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
to move forward; to move on
somehow; for some reason (or other); without knowing why
(small) stone; rock; pebble