indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mountainous region; mountainous district; hilly district
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
steep mountain; craggy mountain
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to extend; to stretch out; to attend; to participate in; to enrol; to enroll
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; foothills
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
level ground; plain; flatland
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
originally; by nature; from the start
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
legendary beast; magical beast
by means of; due to; because of; according to
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
mountain range; mountain belt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
commencing with; including
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
extermination; expulsion; destruction
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
steady advance; carrying all before one