abrupt; sudden; unexpected
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
... years old; age (of) ...
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
very big; very large; taking up a lot of space
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
living by oneself; living alone
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
coming and going; keeping in touch; visiting each other; street traffic; highway
to lead a life; to live a life
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to work hard; to sweat; to wash off one's sweat
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with (skillfully); handling (well); managing
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
daily; everyday; days (e.g. of one's youth); every day; day after day
myself; yourself; I; me; you
recipe; (medical) prescription; how-to guide (e.g. for crafts)
to increase; to add to; to augment
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)