summer vacation; summer holiday
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
opening ceremony (of the school term)
bothersome; tiresome; bother to do
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
president (of a society); chairman
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to have a talk; to tell a story
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
to address (someone); to accost a person; to talk (to someone); to begin to talk; to start a conversation