today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow (or other); for some reason; without knowing why; something (or other); some ... or other
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to cool down; to get cold; to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.); to subside; to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.); to be composed
to emit a voice; to emit a sound; to be able to speak
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
originally; by nature; from the start
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
rest period; intermission; break time; recess
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to pay a visit to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...