a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
government; government service; the bureaucracy; government post; government official
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common
inspector; auditor; examiner; comptroller
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
family name; house name; family honour; family honor
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to call each other; to call out to one another
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
future; (future) prospects; bringing (from abroad, another region, etc.); bringing about; giving rise to
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hypothesis; supposition; assumption; expectation; anticipation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
name; given name; first name
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
staff member; employee; worker; personnel
distinction; differentiation; discrimination; discrimination (against people)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
one's original family name; maiden name
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
bewilderment; perplexity; embarrassment; discomfiture; bafflement
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally