indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
about; on; regarding; per; for every
to discuss; to talk together
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
to be conspicuous; to stand out
attack; assault; criticism; censure; cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to bring down (an animal, opponent, etc.); to kill; to shoot dead; to shoot down
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
weak point; weakness; shortcoming; defect; flaw; sore spot
(medieval) knight; samurai on horseback
job; work; duties; trade; skill
absence; disregard; indifference
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
evasion; avoidance; recusal (of a judge)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
tank (of fluid); cistern; vat; tank (military vehicle)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
hate; hate crime; hate speech; hate; threat
control; management (e.g. of a business)
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
the number of people; many people; a large number of people
difference; variation; difference
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen