indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chew thoroughly; to bite (e.g. one's lip); to reflect upon; to digest
while; during; while; although; all; both
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
attendee; participant; person present
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
to give a round of applause; to applaud
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot; considerate; kind; genial
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to stare (at); to gaze (at); to look hard (at); to watch intently; to fix one's eyes (on)
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
soft; tender; soft (colour, light, etc.); subdued; informal; light
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
to get fed up with; to get sick of; to become disgusted with
several people; some people; a few people; a number of people
sympathy; compassion; pity
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
to turn (towards); to face; to head to; to go towards; to allot; to allocate
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
swing; shake; appearance; behaviour; pretence; pretense; (a customer) coming to restaurant, ryokan, etc. without a reservation or introduction
absolutely; completely; utterly; really; simply; only
perfect; complete; flawless
to float; to set afloat; to show on one's face (smile, sadness, etc.); to recall; to call to mind
shaking; trembling; pitching; disturbance; unrest; agitation
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
to lose; to be defeated; to give in (to); to yield; to be inferior (to); to be second (to)