indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
transactions; dealings; business
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; site; grounds
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
inner part; interior; living quarters (at the back of a house); inner room; recesses (of one's mind); bottom (of one's heart)
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of a visitor's arrival); informing (someone) of a visitor's arrival
party venue; place for a party; banquet hall
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
space; room; space (between letters, words, etc.); space (piece of type); (outer) space
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to pile up; to make a heap; to lay (e.g. bricks); to acquire (e.g. experience); to build (a reputation)
messy; confused; chaotic; in a nagging manner; (complaining) about various things
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
storehouse; warehouse; godown
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
left and right; right and left; (asserting) control; influence; one's attendants; people accompanying one
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
all that one has; all that there is; the whole
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
indeed; really; very; extremely; absolutely; certainly
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?