indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
cloth; bujian (spade-shaped bronze coin of ancient China)
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to insert; to put in; to have a griping pain; to flow in; to shine in
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
correction; rectification; mending; repair
across; over; beyond; throughout (a period of time); for
to feel; to sense; to experience
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
baron; Irish cobbler (variety of potato)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to bloom; to blossom; to become lively (esp. of conversation); to become animated; to experience a golden age
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
perfume; fragrance; aroma; balm; sweet scent
to flow into; to pour into; to stream into
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become