that day; the very same day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
it says ...; it reads ...; ... is written
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
same period; corresponding period; same year (of graduation, entering a company, etc.); contemporary; synchronization; synchronism
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
factory; plant; mill; workshop
to stand in a row (e.g. shops on a street); to line in a row; to line
area; region; district; locality
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
permission; approval; authorization; license
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage