dukedom; duchy; principality
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
(your) daughter; young woman
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
famine; crop failure; chronic shortage (e.g. of water)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
household economy; family finances
fiery chariot (which carries the souls of sinners into hell); desperate financial situation; dire straits
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
debut; doing something for the first time; starting anew; starting afresh
side job (outside of one's main employment); side gig; part job (carried out at home); home industry; (secretly) working on something unrelated to the class (or conference, etc.) one is attending
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
character (of a person); personality; disposition; characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
pessimism; disappointment
steady; sound; reliable; solid
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
one day; (on) a certain day
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
messenger; envoy; emissary