indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
private property; personal belongings; personal effects
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
hand-me-down; food offering to the gods; leftovers; trip from Kyoto to the provinces
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
child born within a year of another; children born in consecutive years
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear (from the shoulders down); to put on; to take (the blame, responsibility); to bear
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
beginning; outset; first; onset
... years old; age (of) ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
not a chance; not likely; no way; oh no; yuck; eew
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
older sister; lass; young lady
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
exchange (e.g. cultural); interchange; interaction; alternating current; AC
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to be unreasonable; to whine; to throw a tantrum
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
remote region; outlying district; border district; frontier
count; earl; chief official of the Department of Worship (under the ritsuryō system); Brazil
home; household; family; hearth
wealthy; rich; affluent; well-off