pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to digest; to break down; to break to pieces; to be able to use; to be good at; to finish; to complete
while; during; while; although; all; both
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
scenery; scene; landscape
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
far away; far off; nowhere near; far cry
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
daytime; during the day; Japan and China
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cool; chilly; feeling nice and cold
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
thick; deep; kind; cordial; abundant
woollen material; woollen goods or fabric
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to wear extra clothes; to dress formally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
coachman; driver; cabman; postilion
Darius (video game series)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(truck) load-carrying tray; (bicycle) luggage carrier; roof rack
canopy (esp. the cloth or canvas used for it); awning; top (of a convertible); helmet cape; cloth covering one's back to protect against arrows during battle
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back