indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at one's feet; underfoot; gait; pace; most recent; current
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to overlook; to command a view of; to look down on; to despise; to look down on
to become speechless; to be at a loss for words
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
touch; contact; contact (with people); dealings; tangency
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
cruel; merciless; atrocious; pitiful; tragic; horrible
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to break; to be broken; to be folded; to give in; to back down; to turn (a corner)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
library; book storage; stack room; archive (file)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to spend time (on doing something)
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yours sincerely; respectfully yours
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
famous; noted; renowned; celebrated; well-known
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
rule; reign; peaceful times
about; on; regarding; per; for every
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style