that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to obtain; to get; to procure; to win; to secure
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
by chance; by accident; accidentally; occasionally; once in a while; now and then
antique; old article; secondhand goods
to go on a trip; to go out to play; to go and visit (a friend)
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
to open the lid; to lift a lid; to open the lid (on); to make public; to start (something); to look at the results (consequences, outcome, effect)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
gem; jewel; precious stone
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
one class (of students); one group (of people); one set (of items); one pair
earrings (for pierced ears); ear piercing; body piercing
common people; ordinary people; masses
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
just right (time, size, length, etc.)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
red; crimson; scarlet; Red; communist
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
shopkeeper; storekeeper; proprietor of a shop
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
murmur; mutter; murmuring; tweet; Twitter post
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
(place) near by; (place) close by; (place) right next to; as soon as; right after
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
to come down in the world; to fall low; to be ruined; to be reduced to poverty; to fall on hard times