indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
soft; tender; soft (colour, light, etc.); subdued; informal; light
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
smell; scent; aura; whiff; faint, mist-like pattern along the temper line of a Japanese sword
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
bright (weather, mood, voice, etc.); clear; fine; beautiful; glorious; splendid
sunlight filtering through trees
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
red; crimson; scarlet; Red; communist
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
slightly (of an action); (looking) small and quiet
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
squirrel (any mammal of family Sciuridae); Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis)
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
lovely; sweet; pretty; cute; adorable
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pupil (of the eye); one's eyes
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
to shine; to sparkle; to twinkle; to light up (with happiness, hope, etc.); to beam; to gleam
at one's feet; underfoot; gait; pace; most recent; current