today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
disappointed love; broken heart; unrequited love; being lovelorn
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
senior high school; high school
second-year student; biennial
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
the opposite sex; isomerism
as (for); for; in the capacity of
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
attendance (at school); going to school
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
covering; filled in; complete; total; cliched; clichéd; plaintext
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
name; given name; first name