1.  reeling by hand (esp. silk);  hand filature
2.  counter sinking (making conical depression so screw-heads don't protrude above surface);  spot facing (machining a flat space for bolt head, etc.);  spotfacing
esp. 座ぐり
3.  hollowing out (e.g. wooden chair seat, scallop pattern on roof, etc.)
esp. 座刳り