change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
disabling; invalidation; nullification; vitiation
petrifaction; petrification; mineralization; mineralisation; lithification; fossilization
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
stimulation (e.g. of an economy); revitalization (e.g. of a town); rejuvenation; activation
substantiation; materialization; materialisation; (specific to object language classes) instantiation
embodiment; realization; materialization
fossil; petrifaction; petrification; fossilization
hardening; vulcanization; hardening (of attitude, stance, etc.); stiffening; upturn (in the market); firming up
weathering; fading (of memories); efflorescence
hanky-panky; juggling; cheating; deception; smoke and mirrors
beautification; glorification
influence (on someone); inspiration
turning a comic, novel, etc. into an animated movie or TV series; making an animated version
change; transformation; inversion
making practical; making useful; implementing
intensification; aggravation
mechanization; mechanisation; computerization
optimization; optimisation
ageing; aging; senile deterioration
aging; wearing out; deterioration
visualization (data, results, etc.); visualisation; making something visible (that was previously unseen)
verbalizing; putting into words
calming down; quieting down
personification; anthropomorphization
softening; softening (of attitude); mollification; weakening (of the market); blanching (e.g. of vegetables; by depriving of light)
initialization; initialisation; formatting; resetting
emergence (of insects); eclosion; growing wings
specialization; specialisation; differentiation
making efficient; optimization
miniaturization; miniaturisation; downsizing
encryption; encipherment; password protection
increase in activity; activation
vaporization; vaporisation; evaporation
modernization; modernisation
deification; apotheosis; wondrous change; great moral influence
quantification; expressing in numerical form; conversion to numerical form
making (book, etc.) into film; making a screen version; adapting for the screen
commercialization (e.g. product); commodification
regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt
suppuration; festering; coming to head
coming to a head; coming to the surface; becoming an issue; breaking
generalization; generalisation; popularization; to generalize; to generalise; to popularize
embodiment; materialization; actualization; realization; taking form; taking shape
appropriation; misappropriation; making one's own
organization; organisation; systematization; systematisation
democratization; democratisation
novelizing; novelising; adapting a movie, game, etc. into a book
becoming a mere shell; becoming a dead letter; losing (one's) substance; being reduced to a formality
purification; refining; simplification
education; enlightenment; civilization; civilisation; indoctrination
digitization; digitalization
subdivision; segmentation; fractionalization; fragmentation
declining birth rates; decrease in the number of children
being actualized; becoming apparent; becoming tangible; surfacing
rationalization; rationalisation; rationalize; rationalise
stabilization; stabilisation
different culture; foreign culture
normalization; normalisation
calming down; quieting down
increase in speed, acceleration
systematization; systematisation; organization; organisation
becoming dull; slowing down
becoming more serious or severe; aggravation; intensification
stipulation; stating clearly; documenting in writing; stating explicitly
visualization; visualisation
imperial influence; assimilation of new territory
benighted lands outside of imperial influence
electronization; digitization; computerization
male-to-female gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
bogging down; dragging on; turning into a quagmire; becoming mired in a mess
fortifying; fortification
going feral (of a species); reverting to wild; escape
unification; centralization; integration; drawing things together; working out a common policy; consolidation
popularization; popularisation
turning (a comic, novel, etc.) into a serialized TV-show; dramatization
depopulation; declining population
clarification; definition
live-action adaptation (of a cartoon or animated movie)
idealization; idealisation
maximization; maximisation
population ageing (aging)
changing into cash; encashment; cashing
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting something into production
feminization; feminisation
colonization; colonisation
normalization (of a social problem, of a situation, etc.)
modelling (e.g. a system, etc.)
liberalization; liberalisation; freeing
globalization; globalisation
averaging; levelling (off); equalization; standardization; balance
aggravation (of an illness); exacerbation; worsening
radicalization; radicalisation; intensification; aggravation; sharpening (e.g. of an image); narrowing (of a peak)
homogenization; homogenisation
making obligatory; making compulsory
legalization; legalisation
computerization; computerisation
Japanization; Japanisation
urbanization; urbanisation
minimization; minimisation
getting stuck in a rut; becoming stereotyped
bleaching; whitening; chlorosis; albinism
reduction (in size); shrinking; minimization; trivializing (an issue); making light of; playing down
becoming cancerous; canceration
destabilization; destabilisation
popularization; popularisation
internationalization; internationalisation; i18n (in IT)
systematisation; systematization
standardization; standardisation
sanctification; consecration
caricaturing; turning a movie, novel, etc. into a manga; making a comic version of something
privatization; privatisation
restoration; return to health
becoming aware (of); becoming conscious (of); realization; conscientization; (formation of) critical consciousness
conceptualization; conceptualisation
turning a movie, comic, etc. into a (computer) game; gamification
obsolescence; becoming obsolete (of a product, etc.)
nationalization; nationalisation
making hollow; making meaningless; deindustrialization; deindustrialisation
symbolization; coding; encoding
standardization; standardisation; normalization (e.g. in maths)
specialization; specialisation
systematic implementation; institutionalization (e.g. way, method)
quantization; quantisation; quantizing
standardization; manualization; compiling into a manual; formalization
formulation; formularization; formularisation
leveling; levelling; equalization; alleviation (e.g. of unemployment); harmonization
full automation; becoming unmanned; making (something) unmanned
bipolarization; bipolarisation
increase in sophistication; enhancement of functionality; increase in speed; upgrading
turning into a brand; branding
masculinization; virilization
moving into the black; becoming profitable
labor saving; labour saving
making (information) into a database; creating a database (from information); entering into a database
animalization; animalisation
socialization; socialisation
increase in the average age of marriage
industrialization; industrialisation; commercialization
unification; centralization; centralisation
synthetic fiber; synthetic fibre; chemical fiber; chemical fibre
Taika era (645.6.19-650.2.15)
desalination; desalinization; desalting
homogenization (e.g. milk)
improvement; amelioration
impersonation; personification
standardization; uniformalization
standardization; standardisation
stylization; to stylize; to conventionalize
objectivization; viewing objectively
make an issue or problem of something; something becoming a problem or issue
adopting (novel, etc.) for the theatre (theater)
individualization; individualisation
centralization of power; centralisation of power
incorporation; conversion to a corporation; privatization (of a previously public body)
commercialization; commercialisation
turning into a slum; becoming run-down; slumism; slumification
becoming part of the standard inventory (of a product); becoming popular
refinement; purification; gentle persuasion; winning over; influence
stratification; hierarchization; layering; tiering
conversion to sugar; saccharification
popularization; popularisation
Europeanization; Europeanisation; Westernization; Westernisation
becoming cancerous; canceration
visualization; rendering visible (e.g. a problem); digitization
industrialization; industrialisation
toughening the law; making the law stricter
conservative swing; drift to the right; rightward trend
becoming cancerous; canceration
classifying in patterns; typification
securitization; securitisation
westernization; westernisation
dissimilation; catabolism; dissimilation (phonology); defamiliarization (artistic technique); ostranenie
virtualization; virtualisation
secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
putting online (services, administrative functions, etc.); going online; digitalization; digitization
female-to-male gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
duplication; to make redundant
legislating; legislation; passage of a bill into law
becoming the objective; setting as a goal
slimming down; scaling back; thinning; streamlining; retrenchment
modernization; modernisation
ideation; process of forming and relating ideas; to ideate
nullification; annihilation
equalization; equalisation
company split-up; spinning off of a separate company
manpower reduction; personnel saving
nationalization; nationalisation
decryption; decipherment; decoding
computerization; computerisation
robotization; robotizing; automation
simplification; unification
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
transition to domestic production; import substitution
dramatization; dramatisation
age lowering; reduction in age
becoming a permanent resident; becoming permanently settled; domiciliation
computerization; computerisation
commercialization; commercialisation
mechanization; mechanisation
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
militarization; militarisation
(lit.) doughnut phenomenon; combination of urban sprawl and inner-city decay
commercialization; commercialisation
recurrence relation; recurrence formula
making something freely available (information, access to a competition, etc.)
Galapagosization; phenomenon of companies becoming overly specialized in developing products for the domestic market
banning (e.g. an organization); making something illegal
applied chemistry; adaptation
changing from free to paid (e.g. a service); starting to charge
communization; communisation
commoditization; commodification
westernization; westernisation
influencing people by one's virtue
vocalization; vocalisation; voicing
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
localisation; localization; L10n (in IT)
important intangible folk culture asset
microminiaturization; micro-miniaturization
bureaucratization; bureaucratisation
acclimatization; naturalization; acclimation
burying; underground installation (cables, etc.)
dividing into blocks; becoming a bloc; forming a bloc
customization; customisation
normalization (e.g. in floating-point representation system); normalisation; standardization; standardisation
incorporation; assimilation; internalization; making part of oneself
keratinization; cornification
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
sampling (e.g. in signal processing)
simplification; simplifying
militarization; militarisation
shift away from manufacturing to an information and service-based economy; softening; release (e.g. of a movie) on home video (e.g. DVD, BD, VHS)
demutualization; becoming incorporated
assimilation; incorporation
putting in order; systemize; systemise
layering; stratification; sheafification
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
multilingualization; multilingualisation; localization; localisation
decentralization (of power); decentralisation
electrification (esp. in the auto industry)
writing into law; codification; enacting
merchant class culture that flourished in Edo during the Bunka-Bunsei period
extreme population aging (ageing)
putting into print; setting in type; printing; publishing
gelling agent; gellatinizing agent; setting agent; gellant
caramelization; caramelisation
staging a story; filming a story
iconization; minimization
instantiation (in object-oriented programming)
vacuolation; vacuolization
integration, e.g. of electronic components into integrated circuits
organizational inertia; organisational inertia
leftward shift; liberal trend
urbanization control area; urban control area
plotting (of maps); mapping; compilation
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
Americanization; Americanisation
objectification; objectifying
McDonaldization (institutions in society becoming standardized and focused on efficiency and predictability)
individualization (of a task or job; as opposed to standardization); personalization
polarization; polarisation; lining up with
increase in the level of academic achievement; popularisation of higher education
damping; muffling; noise-reduction
personalization; personalisation; product stopping being a luxury item
diagonalisation; diagonalization
canonization (in a textual sense)
becoming more difficult (e.g. exam); increasing difficulty
tendency to not get married; declining marriage rate
giving guidance; explaining
recycling; resource recovery
randomized controlled trial
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
hanky-panky; juggling; cheating; deception; smoke and mirrors
cell encapsulation; conversion into cells
decryption; decipherment; decoding
adapting for TV; television adaptation
commoditization; commodification
increase in the average age of childbirth
objectification; objectifying
objectification; objectifying
caramelization; caramelisation
generalization (psychology, linguistics, etc.)
standardization; standardisation
time division multiplexing; TDM
transformation of the population of Japan into idiots (because of television)
normalization; offering people with disabilities the same conditions as other people
unification-based formalisms
benevolent rule of a gracious sovereign
demythologization; demythicization
change toward a borderless world; development of a borderless world
vocalization; vocalisation
binary-coded decimal notation
depalatalization (e.g. dropping small kana in borrowing foreign words into Japanese); depalatalisation
binary-coded decimal code
binary coded decimal; BCD
rendering plant for livestock carcasses
sustained virological response; SVR
binary-coded decimal representation
isomerization; isomerisation
gelatinization; gelatinisation
changing something to full remote control
racemization; racemisation
potassium ferricyanide (C6FeK3N6)
digitization; digitisation; digital transformation; modernizing (society, etc.) with the use of IT
polyvinylidene fluoride; polyvinylidene difluoride; PVDF
Westernization of food; Westernization of dietary habits
subcategorization; subcategorisation
moving to a market-oriented economy; market-oriented economic reform
orthogonalized plane wave; OPW
randomized controlled trial
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
(high) tariff protection; tariff jumping
ortho-normalization; ortho-normalisation
oxidative phosphorylation
multipolarization; multipolarisation
motorization; motorisation
subnormal number; denormal number; denormalized number
regularisation; regularization
oxidative phosphorylation
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
romanisation; romanization; transcribing into the Latin script
encryption; coding; password
simplified Chinese character
normalization; normalisation
normalization; normalisation
stock conversion; conversion to stock
denuclearization; denuclearisation
(nuclear fuel) enrichment
area zoned for urbanization (urbanisation)
adding a penalty to a crime (e.g. fines, prison); penalizing a crime
one of the 72 climates (from the 11th of the second lunar month until the 15th)
time when moles transform into quails (second climate of the third month)
phonetic change; change in sound; shift in sound; sound change
striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis)
yellow stem borer (species of moth, Scirpophaga incertulas)