this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mask; disguise; guise; mask
belief; faith; conviction
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
desire; want; will; wish; urge; craving
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mixture; blending; complication; crossing; intersecting; interlacing
calculation; self-interest; selfishness
to run about; to rush about
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
virtual image; false image; pretense; pretence
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
to lead (a) life (usu. preceded by the type of life)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question
mainland; the country proper; native country; country where one was born; pure land; Buddha realm
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment)
Island; insula; island; islet
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then