seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
estimate (of costs); budget
campaign (vote-getting) speech (for a candidate)
prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
chair; chairman; chairperson; speaker (of an assembly); president (of a council, senate, etc.)
flexible; lithe; soft; pliable
to mistake someone for someone else; to misread; to misjudge
argument; discussion; dispute; controversy
deviation; departure; omission
to deem acceptable; to approve of; to value; to consider a good thing
cut end; section; opening; point of view; (different) perspective; new approach
to invade; to attack; to breach; to penetrate
to admire greatly; to salute (in admiration); to take one's hat off to
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
genuine article; real thing; real deal
to erase; to drown out (e.g. a voice); to make disappear
heel (of foot, shoe, stocking, etc.)
legend; tradition; biography; life; method; way
to alter one's state of consciousness; to change one's mindset; to change one's attitude
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
solution (of an equation, inequality, etc.); root (e.g. of a polynomial); solution (to a given problem); answer; explanation; interpretation
so to speak; so to call it; as it were
listening (to a lecture, hearing, parliament session, etc.); attending (without participating); sitting in (e.g. on a meeting); observing
last moment; eleventh hour; platform made of dirt used to perform executions (decapitations) in the Edo period
struggling; pawing (e.g. horses' hooves)
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
thin veneer; hasty preparation; knowledge or skill learned as a stopgap; re-tempering a dull sword (so that it looks as if it's sharp, but is actually unusable)
crude tactics; smattering of knowledge
unsightly; ugly; unseemly; indecent; deplorable; disgraceful
explanation of aim (esp. of a legislative bill); rationalization
meaning; point (e.g. of a statement); gist; goal; intent; object
formation; establishment; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding